{"id":6623,"date":"2024-12-01T14:27:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T13:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/?p=6623"},"modified":"2024-12-18T14:39:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T13:39:48","slug":"comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/","title":{"rendered":"Comedy Objects #1: Slapstick Speculation (English version)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Noah Teichner<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-748e14058599adb7fec035ff441a8eb4\"><strong><strong><strong><em>Comedy Objects <\/em>#1:<em> <\/em>Slapstick Speculation<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><br>Through examples of films, novelty songs, and comic monologues from the 1929 Wall Street Crash, this videographic essay and publication explore how comedy and the stock market were invested in a shared culture of liveness across media during Hollywood\u2019s transition to sound. This is the first installment of Comedy Objects, a project that brings together archival research with speculative fiction to think about comedy workers in the United States during the Great Depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><br>slapstick comedy, vaudeville, media archaeology, stock ticker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Electronic reference to cite this article<\/strong><br>Noah Teichner, \u00ab\u00a0Comedy Objects #1: Slapstick Speculation (English version)\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Images secondes\u00a0[Online], 04\u00a0|\u00a02024. URL : <a href=\"http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IS4-Teichner-ENG-1.pdf\">\u2261 Download pdf version<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Statement by the Comedy Workers Group (1931)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Comedy workers in the United States are currently faced with a three-fold transition: in industry, in technology, and in form. In industry, the Keith-Albee and Orpheum vaudeville circuits, after having lost many of their performers to movie house presentation acts, were absorbed into the new film studio and theatre chain RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum). In technology, after a first period in which it seemed like synchronized sound shorts\u2014dominated by Warner Bros.\u2019 Vitaphone model of \u201ccanned\u201d vaudeville acts\u2014could co-exist alongside the silent feature, the entire industry has progressively gone \u201call-talking.\u201d In form, vaudeville and film comedy have entered into a new chapter in their long-running dialogue, thanks to the possibilities of sound and language in slapstick comedy. Radio, another new medium of comic labor and performance, further complexifies this period of industrial, technological, and formal transition<span id='easy-footnote-1-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-6623' title='There is also an ongoing shift in slapstick\u2019s position within the cultural hierarchies of our field, in which so-called \u201clow\u201d comic forms are losing clout to \u201csophistication.\u201d Such bids for respectability can be seen in one of the works analyzed in &lt;em&gt;Slapstick Speculation&lt;\/em&gt;, the Mack Sennett two-reel talking short &lt;em&gt;Bulls &amp;amp; Bears &lt;\/em&gt;(1930). The early-21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; century film historian Rob King will provide a useful analysis of this shift in &lt;em&gt;Hokum! The Early Sound Slapstick Short and Depression-Era Mass Culture&lt;\/em&gt; (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017).'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the current depression, it is essential to formulate a critical perspective on these changes that speaks from our position as comedy workers and as artists. It is for that reason that we have created the Comedy Workers Group and are developing the method of slapstick speculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slapstick speculation uses the tools of comedy to think about comedy. It can be carried out on stage, film, record, or radio. In the \u201canalytical routine\u201d for one performer that follows, destined for the variety stage, we test this method on a first case study: the 1929 Wall Street Crash. Slapstick teaches us that \u201cwhat goes up, must come down,\u201d be it bodies or values. The \u201cNew Era\u201d of endless prosperity hailed by pundits and politicians in the years leading up to the Crash was a set-up waiting for a punchline. Like (historical) narratives, gags depend on a play of expectations that lead to a comic climax. The Roaring Twenties have made way for a Great Depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our routine, on a stage equipped with a stock ticker, telephone, radio, phonograph, and film projector, a monologist demonstrates how the \u201ccomedy objects\u201d produced just before and after the Crash bring out the gag-like nature of this cataclysm. These films, records, and joke books also help to come to terms with the ways in which comedy and the stock market participate in a shared culture of liveness across media\u2014a culture that includes not only vaudeville, radio, and sound film, but also the stock ticker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slapstick speculation invests in the futures of comedy by analyzing its present. It takes on the potential for comedy objects to object. Rather than rule out objecting from within the limitations of a capitalist mode of production, we seek out the sometimes all too brief speculations carried out by performers, gagpeople, stagehands, and technicians\u2014by our fellow comedy workers, in short. And as comedy workers, we then produce new objects that speculate through the means of slapstick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is little chance that <em>Slapstick Speculation <\/em>will find its place on commercial vaudeville or movie house stage programs. Bookers\u2019 narrow-mindedness and the stale mantra of \u201cwhat the audience wants\u201d prevents them from showing off analysis as entertainment. We would also receive letters from the lawyers of Mack Sennett Productions, Victor records, and others, threatening to sue us for non-authorized reproduction of their products. While we do not object to attempts at staging this routine\u2014a first in a series of \u201ccomedy objects\u201d for stage, film, phonograph, and radio\u2014we accept its currently hypothetical state as a videographic essay. Let it be speculation on a future in which comedy workers have fuller control of their means of production, distribution, and exhibition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Comedy Objects #1: Slapstick Speculation (2024)\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/1037430428?h=088e99a462&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Comedy Objects<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Comedy Objects<\/em> mixes archival research with speculative fiction to think about comedy workers during the Great Depression. In this project, I investigate<em> <\/em>comedy\u2019s historical conditions of production and its possible forms of collective organization. While the Comedy Workers Group at the project\u2019s core never existed, its members concern themselves with political and artistic issues that are based on first-hand sources. This informal collective of comedians, gagpeople, and technicians from the film and media industries of the 1930s takes on the crisis of the Great Depression in their interconnected fields of work. They create stage routines, films, records, and radio programs that explore the ways in which comedy objects can object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Comedy Objects<\/em> imagines the traces of the Comedy Workers Group\u2019s productions and invents discussions between its members by means of lecture-performances, moving image installations, videographic essays, and publications. After a series of such installments, I plan to conclude the project with a feature-length essay film. All while excavating comic labor, working conditions, and political debates from the 1930s, <em>Comedy Objects <\/em>organizes anachronistic encounters between the materials of the past and their restaging in the present. The Comedy Workers Group speaks with a historical voice that remains in dialogue with today\u2019s scholarship, media, and activism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>The Stock Ticker as Medium<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>In their 1931 videographic essay <em>Slapstick Speculation<\/em>, the Comedy Workers Group argues that the stock ticker can be conceptualized as a medium; not only as a communications medium, but as an <em>entertainment<\/em> medium that engages with the user\u2019s senses in a specific way. The stock ticker produces a historically situated user experience that involves touch (the feel of the ticker tape between your fingers), sound (the eponymous tick that gives the device its name), sight (the horizontal flow of signs inked onto a paper strip), visuality (the mind\u2019s eye theatre of transactions on the stock exchange floor), and a form of&nbsp;temporality dependent on synchronization, on liveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only can the stock ticker be theorized of as a medium, it is also a medium represented in other media; a medium remediated. In his study of Gilded Age financial capitalism, Peter Knight shows how the novels and short stories of the late 19<sup>th<\/sup> century were already translating the user experience of the stock ticker to produce dramatic effects that disseminated imaginaries of speculation<span id='easy-footnote-2-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-6623' title='Peter Knight, &lt;em&gt;Reading the Market: Genres of Financial Capitalism in Gilded Age America&lt;\/em&gt; (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017), 59-100.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. It should come as no surprise that the visual and sonic attraction of reading the ticker tape would also draw the attention of the movies. The Mack Sennett talking short central to <em>Slapstick Speculation<\/em>\u2019s arguments,<em> Bulls and Bears <\/em>(1930), is but one among many on-screen remediations of the stock ticker in early, silent, and sound film<span id='easy-footnote-3-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-6623' title='&lt;em&gt;Bulls and Bears &lt;\/em&gt;was scripted little more than a month after the October 1929 Crash and was already being shot by mid-December. Following January 1930 reshoots, it was released in March 1930. For details on &lt;em&gt;Bulls and Bears&lt;\/em&gt;\u2019 production, see Mack Sennett Collection, Folder 69, \u201cBulls and Bears.\u201d Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; as well as Brent E. Walker, &lt;em&gt;Mack Sennett\u2019s Fun Factory&lt;\/em&gt; (Jefferson: McFarland, 2010), 189-91.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1763\" height=\"1300\" src=\"http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-1763x1300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-1763x1300.jpg 1763w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-1536x1133.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-2048x1510.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-700x516.jpg 700w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-680x502.jpg 680w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-1-Trans-Lux-Movie-Ticker-280x207.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1763px) 100vw, 1763px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 1. <\/strong>Jack Burton, <em>The Story of Trans-Lux<\/em> (New York: Trans-Lux Daylight Picture Screen Corporation, 1929). Collection du Comedy Workers Group.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The connections between the ticker tape and the moving image screen went both ways. In 1923, the Trans-Lux Movie Ticker [Fig. 1] began to be introduced on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange and in brokerage firms. Instead of printing stock prices on a paper strip, this device projected the ticker\u2019s characteristic flow of numbers onto a horizontal strip of a screen. The Trans-Lux Movie Ticker suggests that the medium of the stock ticker was not just represented in cinema; it\u2019s user experience was also informed by moviegoing. Like all media, the stock ticker was inherently intermedial\u2014its functions were defined and gained meaning from within a broader network of practices. Users of the stock ticker were also users of other media. Be it in literature, on the movie screen, or in radio, the ticker\u2019s representations influenced its user experience, and vice-versa. Use and representation flowed together to shape how the stock ticker stimulated the senses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u201cLive\u201d and \u201cCanned\u201d<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The stock ticker\u2019s \u201clive\u201d temporality contributed to this user experience. Liveness is not an ontological condition; it is always already an effect<span id='easy-footnote-4-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-6623' title='Philip Auslander, &lt;em&gt;Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture&lt;\/em&gt;, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2008).'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. The Comedy Workers Group draws on Philip Auslander\u2019s theorization of this term in order to show how <em>liveness-as-effect<\/em> can be present in both \u201clive\u201d media (stage, radio) and \u201ccanned\u201d media (film, phonograph). There is a multiplicity of possible intermedial relations between comic performances in which production and reception happen simultaneously (\u201clive\u201d), and those in which reception is deferred and repeatable (\u201ccanned\u201d)<span id='easy-footnote-5-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-6623' title='Some of the historical and theoretical concerns of &lt;em&gt;Comedy Objects&lt;\/em&gt; grow out of my doctoral research on phonograph records and early sound shorts dubbed \u201ccanned\u201d vaudeville. In the first part of my dissertation, I attempted to show how long before the term \u201clive\u201d acquired its current connotation, \u201ccanned\u201d was proffered by journalists and critics to comment upon recorded performances and their relation to what we would now call &lt;em&gt;liveness&lt;\/em&gt;. See Noah Teichner, \u201c\u2018Canned\u2019 Vaudeville and \u2018Canned\u2019 Media in the United States, from the Phonograph to Sound Film: A Media Archaeology of the Sound-on-Disc Vitaphone Shorts (1926-1930) [original title: \u201cLe &lt;em&gt;\u2018canned\u2019 vaudeville&lt;\/em&gt; et la &lt;em&gt;mise en conserve&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;m\u00e9diatique&lt;\/em&gt; aux \u00c9tats-Unis, du phonographe au film sonore : \u00e9tude m\u00e9dia-arch\u00e9ologique des courts m\u00e9trages Vitaphone au format son-sur-disque (1926-1930)], PhD dissertation, University of Paris 8, 2021.&amp;nbsp;'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. <em>Slapstick Speculation <\/em>itself is very much a hybrid object: a \u201clive\u201d act \u201ccanned\u201d by the typewritten text visible on screen. In this videographic essay, the group argues that the construction of liveness in the late 1920s not only involved film, stage, phonograph, and radio, but also the media infrastructure of financial capitalism.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The formulation of the stock ticker\u2019s liveness dates from its early implementation. The adoption of the device in the 1870s had the effect of synchronizing markets across space and introducing continuous trading. Brokerage firms began to lease both stock tickers and private telegraph lines from Western Union in order to place orders in direct response to the quotations reeling out on the ticker tape<span id='easy-footnote-6-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-6623' title='David Hochfelder, &lt;em&gt;The Telegraph in America, 1832-1920&lt;\/em&gt; (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 116, 102.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. This intermedial coupling of the ticker and the telegraph\u2014like that of the ticker and the telephone in <em>Bulls and Bears<\/em>\u2014reinforced the liveness of both devices; it generated a feedback loop that worked to construe the market as \u201clive.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inevitably, liveness-as-effect depends on concrete material conditions. The stock ticker could not always keep up with the speed of transactions. On the heaviest days of trading during the Wall Street panic, the ticker fell hours behind in reporting sales from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. In October 1929, liveness failed<span id='easy-footnote-7-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-6623' title='See the photograph of the late stock ticker taken on October 29, 1929, reproduced in Maury Klein, &lt;em&gt;Rainbow\u2019s End: The Crash of 1929&lt;\/em&gt; (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 234. Klein\u2019s study contains a number of other examples of the ticker being saturated by transactions in the late 1920s. In 1930, Western Union introduced a high-speed stock ticker to help prop up the market\u2019s liveness. \u201cHigh-Speed Tickers to Serve Brokers,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Scientific American&lt;\/em&gt;, March 1930, 199.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. But the liveness of \u201ccanned\u201d media like film and the phonograph took up the slack. The short and feature films, novelty songs, and comic monologues analyzed in <em>Slapstick Speculation<\/em>\u2014the \u201ccomedy objects\u201d of the 1929 Wall St. Crash\u2014produced an effect of liveness through their intermedial relation to the stock market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1411\" height=\"992\" src=\"http:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears.jpg 1411w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears-768x540.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears-700x492.jpg 700w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears-680x478.jpg 680w, https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Fig.-2-Bulls-and-Bears-280x197.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1411px) 100vw, 1411px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 2. <\/strong><em>Bulls and Bears <\/em>press sheet, 1930, 3p. ZAN T8, Reel 16. New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Daphne Pollard\u2019s eccentric dance routine to the beat of the ticker in <em>Bulls and Bears<\/em> is just one example of synchronization during the early sound era. In the film\u2019s final moments, the fallen speculator played by Bud Jamison quips, \u201cOh, I\u2019ll be back in the market soon!\u201d As this punchline suggests, gag cycles are like market cycles; their ups-and-downs link bodies and machines in an intermedial knot of performance. Made at a time when Hollywood tightened its sync with financial capitalism, <em>Slapstick Speculation <\/em>is a first attempt by the Comedy Workers Group at introducing interference into the circuit<span id='easy-footnote-8-6623' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/comedy-objects-1-slapstick-speculation-english-version\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-6623' title='Both Warner Bros. and Fox relied heavily on Wall Street financiers and investment banking in developing synchronized sound technology in the 1920s and in their successful campaigns to join the ranks of the majors in the nascent studio system. See Douglas Gomery, &lt;em&gt;The Coming of Sound: A History&lt;\/em&gt; (New York: Routledge, 2005), 35-6, 49.'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Noah Teichner<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Noah Teichner is a filmmaker, artist, and researcher. In his films, installations, and performances, he often reworks collected and archival materials to engage with the writing of history across old and new media. As a film and media scholar, his fields of research include comedy and popular entertainment, film technology, sound studies, and media archaeology. He is Assistant Professor of Film Studies at the American University of Paris and an associate member of the research center Esth\u00e9tique, Sciences et Technologies du Cin\u00e9ma et de l\u2019Audiovisuel (Universit\u00e9 Paris 8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Through examples of films, novelty songs, and comic monologues from the 1929 Wall Street Crash, this videographic essay and publication explore how comedy and the stock market were invested in a shared culture of liveness across media during Hollywood\u2019s transition to sound. This is the first installment of Comedy Objects, a project that brings together archival research with speculative fiction to think about comedy workers in the United States during the Great Depression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[208,250,247,249],"class_list":["post-6623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cinema-et-speculation-financiere","tag-media-archaeology","tag-slapstick-comedy","tag-stock-ticker","tag-vaudeville"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9TfUI-1IP","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6623"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7246,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623\/revisions\/7246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imagessecondes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}